What is the primary purpose of antibodies in the immune system?

Antibodies play a fundamental role in the immune system, primarily by neutralizing pathogens. These specialized proteins, produced by B cells, recognize and bind to specific antigens—unique molecules found on the surface of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Once bound, antibodies can directly disrupt the function of the pathogen, preventing it from entering host cells or neutralizing its toxins.

By binding to pathogens, antibodies can also mark them for destruction by other components of the immune system, such as phagocytes. This process enhances the ability of immune cells to identify and eliminate threats efficiently. Additionally, antibodies can agglutinate pathogens, clumping them together so they are easier for immune cells to engulf.

While antibodies can signal immune cells and play a role in inflammation, the primary and most direct action of antibodies is to neutralize pathogens and facilitate their removal from the body. Other options focus on different functions of the immune system but do not capture the main role of antibodies.